What are the Pros and Cons of Religion & Atheism?
60 Critical Questions & Answers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Benefits of religious faiths
Section 2: Criticism of religious faiths
General Criticism
Criticism of the Quran
Criticism of the Bible
Criticism of the Hinduism
Criticism of the Buddhism
Non-violence, Morality and Freewill
Section 3: Conclusion
Ratings, Comments & Quiz
Recommended Further Reading
Reference
Section 1: BENEFITS OF RELIGIOUS FAITHS
1)Why is honesty important when debating religion, atheism and God?
2) Why must mockery and sarcasm be avoided when debating religion, atheism and God?
3) What does Jesus Christ represent?
4) What did Mahatma Gandhi say about Prophet Muhammad?
Mahatma Gandhi’s stated7 (Young India, 1924):
“I wanted to know the best of the life of one who holds today an undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind… I became more than ever convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet the scrupulous regard for pledges, his intense devotion to his friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission. These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle. When I closed the second volume (of the Prophet’s biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of that great life.”
5) Did Prophet Muhammad talk to God?
The answer is no. Prophet Muhammad never said that he talked to God. Instead, he said God talked to him; seriously implying that he had a transcendental8 experience, as opposed to a one-to-one conversation. He spent a lot of time in caves to dig deeper in pursuit of answers and inspiration. Such transcendence allowed him to engender some of the most revolutionary approaches in history. A few of his method had flaws, but these are greatly outweighed by the positivity that the Quran brings to humanity. It is up to Muslims as individuals and as a community to decide how to implement the great teachings of the Quran in the 21st century global community. Muslims are good people. We have to trust them to make the necessary changes and to do the right thing.
6) Would Prophet Muhammad have approved of the Islamic crusades and genocides?
The answer is no. Prophet Muhammad was highly reasonable and compassionate. He also encouraged the kind treatment of prisoners and slaves of war. Although the Quran does not disapprove violence, it does encourage compromise where possible. This unfortunate ambiguity may have been exploited by Islamic crusaders to commit crime against humanity. Undoubtedly, the prophet would have condemned the extreme massacres perpetrated by the Islamic crusaders.
7) What did Deepak Chopra say about Prophet Muhammad?
Deepak Chopra stated the following:
“I like Muhammad a lot, because he’s like us more than anybody else. Jesus is just so exalted, and Buddha is just so exalted, it’s almost beyond our reach”.
8) Do Hindus believe in many Gods?
According to the Rig Veda9, “To what is ‘One’, sages give many a title”. In this regard, a Christian, a Sikh, a Jew or a Muslim would pray to one God for protection against enemies, academic accomplishment, sexual fertility or success in business enterprise. Hindus, on the other hand, will use mental representations to approach various facets of the same God. Hindu idols are thus creative depictions and intellectual models of the one underpinning Supreme Principle, just like a small computerised model of the universe depict the actual universe. Therefore, a Hindu does not idolise statues, but seeks to be confronted with a multiplicity of existing realities such as wisdom, death, wealth, courage, the cosmos, destruction, inventiveness, the four-dimensional universe, animosity, love and time—all of which are artistically demonstrated through aesthetic statues and idols.
9) What causes babies and infant suffering?
Physical suffering is triggered by the spinal cord and mental suffering is triggered by the memory. If the spinal cord and memory are deactivated or disconnected, there will be zero suffering. Eastern meditation practices encourage such disconnection through meditation, so as to make spiritual progress. Vedic religions suggest that a person (“I” or “me”) constitutes neither brain nor body nor memory, but pure atman (i.e. the self or consciousness). Accordingly, a baby or an adult does not experience suffering, only the spinal cord and the brain have such experience.
10) Do religions engender any health benefits?
Judaism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism prohibit the use of intoxicants; thereby reducing the risks of any adverse effects on health. Pork is banned in Judaism and Islam for similar reasons. Notably, the Hindu approach includes Aryuvedic medicine. Furthermore, religious communities, interactions and support have been demonstrated to be beneficial for psychological health. Equally various eastern traditions incorporate herbal medicines, yoga, breathing techniques, tai chi and meditation – all of which engender health benefits.
11) Is it rational to query an intelligent cause of the universe?
12) What is a major flaw of atheism?
13) Who or what is God, Allah or Brahman?
Please note that Questions 14,15, 16 and 17 are concerned with the realm quantum physics and cosmology. They contain a lot of technical jargon. If you find these questions rather tedious to read, please free to skip straight to question 18.
14) How does a particle come into existence?
15) Is the existence of God proven by the fine-tuning of the universe or is it disproved by the emergence a universe out of nothingness?
The universe did not emerge out of nothing17, as this simply defies the laws of probability. The laws of probability apply only if something exist. The law of probability is void in absolute nothingness, because the latter constitutes the absence of matter and laws. Nothingness can be equated to a state of absolute zero possibilities, i.e. nothing can emerge out of it. If something emerges, then there was “no nothingness” in the first place. If something can emerge out of empty space or vacuum, this implies that there was a mechanism, within empty space, that allowed such an emergence to be possible. It is thus erroneous to equate empty space with nothingness, as the former is far from being qualified as a state of zero possibilities. In this regard, it is appropriate to advance that particles pop into existence in vacuum18, but not from nothingness19. Indeed, Parmenides (500 BCE) vaguely describes nothingness as total absence of phenomena. Notably, the Nasadiya Suktam (The Hymn of Creation the Rig Veda) appears to emphasise this point: “Then even nothingness was not, nor existence. There was no air then, nor the heavens beyond it. What covered it? Where was it? In whose keeping? Was there then cosmic water, in depths unfathomed? …” It is doubtful that the authors of the Rig Veda knew anything about quantum fluctuation or that the total sum of energy of the universe may amount to zero. Their logic is nonetheless consistent. The universe feasibly emerged from empty space, not nothingness.
16) Why is there something rather than nothing at all?
The mathematical notion of “eternality” is key to this question. If something exists, it must have emerged out of something. Something can only emerge out of something, because something cannot emerge out of nothingness. If something emerges, then there was “no nothingness” in the first place (see Question 15). Nothingness means something can never emerge out of it, i.e. nothingness must be eternal. In that respect somethingness is also eternal, i.e. one cannot advanced “in the beginning there was nothing all, then something emerged ”. That would be a flawed argument. Undoubtedly, eternity is a notion that the human mind has great difficulty grasp. Indeed, the more one analyses the notion the more the difficulty in unravelling its nature. Nonetheless, whichever way one goes around debating this point, only one conclusion is valid: “nothingness is impossible, somethingness is eternal”.
17) What is death of a baby, a little girl, a little boy or an adult? Do humans reincarnate in plants and animals after death?
18) Is any assumption of ‘life after death’ irrational?
Section 2: CRITICISMS OF RELIGIOUS FAITHS
General Criticism
19) Does the potential existence of God support the necessity of religions?
20) Does an intelligent design support the potential existence of an Intelligent Creator?
Yes, it does make it plausible. However, a highly rational and intelligent design20 renders the over-simplistic and irrational explanations provided in religious texts highly implausible. Broad irrational beliefs21 and relatively over-simplistic22 explanations can only belittle an exceptionally Intelligent Creator23. Naïve and archaic religious texts can only demean the hugely sophisticated systems and the cutting-edge scientific laws that govern our day-to-day existence.
21) What is the impact of religion on humankind?
22) What was more important to ancient humans: religious beliefs or evidence?
23) Is it erroneous to consider that major religions are very ancient?
24) Are religious texts the direct words of God?
25) Did religion engender the cure and management of disease?
26) Did religion engender the effective management of mental illness?
27) Did religions stipulate the abolition of slavery?
– “Slaves, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ” (Ephesians, 6: 5)
– “O Prophet! We have made lawful to thee thy wives and those whom thy right hand possesses (women slaves) whom Allah hath given thee as prisoners of war” (Quran, chapter 33, verse 50)
Slaves, over many centuries, engendered the abolition of slavery through their own relentless struggle. The only texts, firmly stipulating that any form of slavery is illegal and punishable, are modern legal texts, not religious texts37.
28) How effectively do religious texts deal with criminality and injustices?
29) Are religious texts open to critical intellectual examination?
30) Do Religious textbooks teach love?
31) Why does a good God allow babies and infants to suffer terrible pain and agony?
32) Do prayers work?
Criticism of the Quran
33) Why would a 53-year-old Prophet Muhammad marry a young girl who was 44 years younger than him?
Prophet Muhammad was 53 when he married Aisha who was potentially 9 years at the time45. Some Muslims argue that she may have been older. In any case, even she was 18 or 19 years old46, this implies that Aisha would have been either 44 or 34 years younger. Any caring layperson who is their fifties would be concerned about the impact of their death on a bride who is twenty―let alone thirty or forty—years younger. Once the man passes away, what would happen to the poor girl who is 3 or 4 decades younger. Indeed, Aisha who was at least 34 years younger that Muhammad, became a widow only 9 years after her wedding. It is very sad that, at the age of fifty-three, the prophet was not concerned by this issue. In some instances, Muhammad was revolutionary and rose above local customs and traditions, but sadly in the case of Aisha he chose to follow them.
34) Does the Quran promote peace, while disproving violence?
Chapter 2 of the Quran
– “And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers. And if they cease, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. Fight them until there is no fitnah and worship is for Allah. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors . … So, whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him. And spend in the way of Allah … And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good” (Chapter 2, verse 191-195).
Chapter 8 of the Quran
– “And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war so that you can strike terror into the enemy of Allah and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know [but] whom Allah knows. And whatever you spend in the cause of Allah will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged (Chapter 8, verse 60). And if they incline to peace, then incline to it and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing” (Chapter 8, verse 61).
Chapter 9 of the Quran
– “And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them go on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful . And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know” (Chapter 9, verse 5-6).
– “But if they repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, then they are your brothers in religion; and We detail the verses for a people who know .Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and satisfy the breasts of a believing people. And remove the anger in the believers’ hearts. And Allah turns in forgiveness to whom He wills; and Allah is Knowing and Wise” (Chapter 9, verse 11- 15).
– “Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture – until they pay you tax willingly while they are humbled” (Chapter 9, verse 29).
Budhist verses on war:
– “Even if thieves carve you limb from limb with a double-handed saw, if you make your mind hostile you are not following my teaching”. Kakacūpama Sutta, Majjhima-Nikāya 28 at MN i 128-2947.
35) Does the Quran promote peace between Muslims?
– “And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly” (Chapter 49, verse 9).
What if both factions of Muslim community feel oppressed: isn’t violence inevitable? This probably why there has been so much war and tensions between branches of Islam. Different factions of Islam feel oppressed, leading them to fight each other.
36) Is the wearing of burka/burqa required in the Quran?
“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not expose their ornaments except that which is necessarily and to wrap their headcovers over their chests and not expose their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women…”(Chapter 24, verse 31).
One day a man, named Alpha, entered a room full of women wearing the niqab. Alpha explained that “as I walked in the room, I could observe all the women’s dilated gaze fixed on a single ‘spot’ on my splendid male body. This is when I honestly wished that my mum had trained me to wear a hat or carry an umbrella”. What is the moral of that story?
The moral of the story is that both the male and female bodies are sexually attractive. Male bodies have the potential to generate sexual thoughts to the female minds, as female bodies to the male minds. Is there a point for women to cover up49, while men may simply flaunt their masculinity as they please, right in front of the female gaze50?
37) Does the Quran mention virgins?
-“Indeed, we have created the women of Paradise with a special creation – And made them virgins” (Quran Chapter 56, verse 35-36).
Why would an intelligent, creative, compassionate and wise God create virgins in heaven? Surely, the Quran is manmade rather than authored by the divine.
38) Does the Quran advise men to strike their wives?
– “Men are in charge of women by what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in absence what Allah would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance – advise them, forsake them in bed, strike them. But if they obey you, seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand” (Quran Chapter 4, verse 34).
39) Does the Quran advocate the amputation of hands?
– “As for the thief, both male and female, cut off their hands. It is the reward of their own deeds, an exemplary punishment from Allah. Allah is Mighty and Wise” (Quran Chapter 5, verse 38).
– “The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land: that is their disgrace in this world, and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter – Except for those who return [repenting] before you apprehend them. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Merciful”.(Quran Chapter 5, verse 33-34).
40) Does Quran erroneously state that the sun orbits the earth just like the moon?
– “It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: Each swims along in an orbit“ (Quran Chapter 36, verse 40).
– “And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all in an orbit are swimming” (Quran Chapter 21, verse 33).
Currently, even 10-year-old children understand that the sun does not move in an orbit, within the Solar system. When someone looks up at the sky, the sun and the moon appear to move in an orbit around the earth, but modern science postulates that the sun remains stationary while the earth, the moon and all other planets move in an orbit around the sun. The Quran a rather flawed and naïve of account of the orbital motion of the sun, moon and earth.
41) Does the Quran mention anything about the earth being a sphere?
The answer is no. The Greek mathematician, Eratosthenes51 had used angle of shadows to calculated the circumference of the earth in 200 BCE. Notably, Eratosthenes was from Libya which was part of the Greek Empire at the time. It appears that the Middle-East had achieved great scientific prowess and intellectual development which may have been hindered at the arrival of prophet Muhammad52 who was more focus on revelations that science. In 499 AD, the Indian Mathematician Aryabhata53 provided explicit description the rotation of the earth on its axis and even calculated the circumference of the earth to be 39,968 km, which is remarkably close to the current value of 40,075 km. Prophet Muhamad does not seem to have been aware of the relatively advanced Eastern, European and Middle Eastern scientific knowledge that existed at the time.
42) Does the Quran contain an error on embryologic development?
– “Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, and We made the clot into a lump [of flesh], and We made [from] the lump, bones, and We covered with bone with flesh; then We developed him into another creation. So blessed is Allah, the best of creators” (Quran Chapter 23, verse 14).
According to current modern theory of embryologic development the foetus develops flesh first. Bones are developed afterwards. The Quran offers a rather naïve and inaccurate explanation on embryology.
43) Are the Hindus correct to suggest that Muslim invaders caused the greatest mass genocide against their ancestors?
Criticism of the Bible
44) Does the Bible stipulate that God may dash infants against the rocks?
The Bible states:
– “This is what the Lord Almighty says … ‘Now go and strike Amalek and devote to destruction all that they have. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey” (Samuel 15:3).
– “Happy is he who repays you for what you have done to us – He who seizes your infants and dashes them against the rocks” (Psalm 137).
– “You shall acknowledge no God but me. . . . You are destroyed, Israel. . . . The people of Samaria must bear their guilt, because they have rebelled against their God. They will fall by the sword; their little ones will be dashed to the ground, their pregnant women ripped open” (Hosea 13:16).
– “See, the day of the Lord is coming — a cruel day, with wrath and fierce anger. . . . I will put an end to the arrogance of the haughty. . . . Their infants will be dashed to pieces before their eyes…” (Isaiah 13:9–16 NIV).
45) Does the Bible condone rape?
See, the day of the Lord is coming…their houses will be looted and their wives raped.” (Isaiah 13:9–16 NIV)
46)What was Jesus’ contribution to human suffering and infant mortality rate?
47)Does Jesus’ three-day death really amount to a great sacrifice?
48) Will God forgive a paedophile who raped children on a daily basis for decades, but becomes truly repentant as he is approaching death on his death-bed?
49) Does the chapter of Genesis erroneously postulate the moon as a source of light?
– “And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also” (Genesis 1:16)58.
Young children may think that there are two lights, but as they get older they fully understand that there is only one source of light in our solar system. They understand that just like stagnant water is a reflector of sunlight, the moon and other planets are also reflectors of sunlight. Children understand that a shining moon or scintillating water cannot be described as lights. Moreover, metal mirrors were manufactured, in Europe, Middle-East and the East, a thousand years before Moses was born. Ancient people would surely have understood the basic mechanics of light reflection.
50) Why is Christianity and Islam more popular than Buddhism?
Criticism of Hindu Texts
51) Are Hindu religious texts of divine revelation?
Moreover, the Nasadiya Suktam advances that may be God does not know:
-“…Whence all creation had its origin, he, whether he fashioned it or whether he did not, he, who surveys it all from highest heaven, he knows – or maybe even he does not know“ (Nasadiya Suktam, Rig Veda 10:129, 1700-1100 BCE).
In addition, ancient Indian philosophers advanced:
“Aim not to be led by others, Awaken your own mind, Accumulate your own experience, Afterall, decide for yourself your own path” (Atharva Veda, 1000-800 BCE).
It is perfectly rational to believe in a Supreme Intelligence, simply because everything in nature is underpinned by intelligence. However, it is irrational to the assumed that that Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam and other religions were founded by God.
52) Is caste system justified in Hindu texts?
53) Is Sati (i.e. widow suicide through self-burning on the pyre) justified in Hindu texts?
“And Let these women, whose husbands are worthy and are living, enter the house with ghee (applied) as corrylium (to their eyes). Let these wives first step into the pyre, tearless without any affliction and well adorned.” [ Rig Veda X.18.7]62
54) Does Karma and reincarnation exist?
Criticism of Buddhism
55) Was the Buddha really enlightened?
The First Truth is that suffering, pain, and misery exist in life. The Second Truth is that this suffering is caused by selfish craving and personal desire. The Third Truth is that this selfish craving can be overcome. The Fourth Truth is that the way to overcome this misery is through the Eightfold Path.
The second Truth fails to explain suffering due to disease, natural calamities and manmade atrocities. In contrast, his Eightfold Path shows some element of enlightenment. However, it does not explain how can a baby escape suffering.
56) Does enlightenment work?
Non-violence, Morality and freewill
57) What is the possible origin of the non-violence approach?
58) Is Objective Morality a fact?
59) Does freewill exist?
Section 3: CONCLUSION
60) What is the best way forward?
Perhaps a good way forward is to seek to be a Rational Believer (RB). An RB is one who minimises the importance of religion in the exploring the fundamental questions on God, suffering and life-after-death. An RB is one who understands that just as one requires cutting-edge thinking to perform accurate brain or heart surgery, one needs the same critical approach to tackle these fundamental questions. An RB understands that when one plants an apple seed, one doesn’t get a pear, orange or mango tree, but will certainly obtain an apple tree i.e. nature is incredibly precise.
Deprived of the possibility of evidence on God, suffering and life-after-death, the discourse was hijacked by irrational religious beliefs and bigoted doctrines. While many atheists have brought about enlightening debate, some rigid atheists have simply stopped searching for answers altogether. An RB cannot be a religious person or an atheist, because the last two are overeager to pronounce conclusions despite a lack of evidence. An RB cannot be an agnostic either, because evidence about the above fundamental questions is not going to come knocking on the door any time soon. An RB is someone who analyses available evidence and information very carefully and critically from a neutral perspective. Ultimately, an RB is a believer because in the absence of conclusive evidence, a belief system is inevitable. On the other hand, beliefs systems can be flawed as demonstrated by religious terrorism. In this regard, perhaps separating rational beliefs from irrational ones may provide a degree of rationality, logic and coherence on the above fundamental questions as follow:
Irrational Beliefs
Religion: All religions are founded by people who had the so-called divine experience of communicating to God in secrets. Religious texts contain inconsistencies, sexism, bigoted dogmas, irrational approaches, chauvinistic doctrines and over-simplistic explanations that are wholly incompatible with a highly Intelligent God who created the laws of physics. Therefore, since every activity in the universe is underpinned by rationality and intelligence, the importance of religion ought to be substantially minimised.
A ‘compassionate’ God: A highly powerful and ingenious God could surely resolve the problem of suffering in a split of a second. Nearly 9 million children, under the age of 5, die every year72, yet there are rapist and paedophiles who enjoy good health and long lives – all of this occurring while a good God is watching! It is irrational to assume that a good God intervenes directly to tackle the issue of human suffering. However difficult it may be to accept; all evidence appears to point to a God who is indifferent to human suffering. God’s indifference is the single most perturbing idea creating the highest degree of cognitive dissonance in humanity.
Rational Beliefs
God: although science has shown that the universe is underpinned by an intelligent design, any evidence of the presence or absence of a designer is completely lacking. Therefore, beliefs systems are not only inevitable, but it is perfectly rational to develop theories about the nature of God. However, it is important to try to view God away from the claws of religion. Arguably, it is best to reflect on a true and evidence-based God, i.e. the creator of a rational universe underpinned by scientific laws. Scientific evidence reveals that, if God exists, she would have created galaxies, elementary particles, the atom, neurons, radioactive decay, gravity, the photons, electromagnetism, brain neurotransmitters, the laws of physics etc – all of which are underpinned by logic, rationality, precision, creativity and infinite intelligence! Therefore, feel free to view a creative and highly intelligent God. Feel free to be a Rational Believer with sophisticated rational beliefs systems. Feel free to gradually delink your perception of God from claws sacred texts and to relink and place your perception of God within the bosom of rationality.
Death: in the absence of conclusive evidence, a belief system is inevitable. With regard to life after death, there isn’t even inconclusive evidence, let alone conclusive ones. It is therefore irrational to provide any conclusion in the matter of life after death. One can hope that there is continuity after death – that would be perfectly rational. On the other hand, one has to consider that humans become mostly tolerant of idea of death during old age. People may be as sad losing their mum when she is 90 years old, as it would be if she was only in her thirties. However, the younger a person dies the more traumatic is the effect of their death on their own lives and others. In this regard, humans are more affected by death at an early age, than death itself. Therefore, the answer to to overcome death is simply to increase the life expectancy of all humans on planet earth.
Rationality and Suffering: It is rational to postulate that sacred texts do ‘not’ contain the key to reduce suffering. Early death and suffering may be greatly reduced through rational approaches such as continuing development in medicines and technology, better emergency services, non-violence, better management of risk and safety, psychological therapy, technology, effective communication, education, meditation, effective parenting, research, compromise, effective management of natural catastrophies, healthy nutrition, green technology, love, equal opportunities, peace, good governance, tolerance, law and institutions etc. Rationality is the best hope for babies, children and future the whole of humanity.
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Recommended Further Reading
By now you are probably tired of reading. However, some of you may be keen to acquire more knowledge and understanding on this topic. A list of useful reading has been compiled on a separate page. The list consists of eBooks on a broad range of issues including on religion, Atheism, philosophy, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, cosmology, psychology, science, quantum physics, freewill, agnosticism, morality, ethics, positive thinking and fiction. If you want to conduct further reading, so as to broaden your horizon, please Click Here ↓
REFERENCE
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3 | Uzan, J. P., & Leclercq, B. (2008). “The natural laws of the universe: Understanding fundamental constants”, Springer. |
4 | Freeley, A. J., & Steinberg, D. L. (2013). “Argumentation and debate”. Cengage Learning. |
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